Globular cluster

A globular cluster is a spherical collection of stars that orbits a galactic core as a satellite. Globular clusters are very tightly bound by gravity, which gives them their spherical shapes and relatively high stellar densities toward their centers. The name of this category of star cluster is derived from the Latin globules—a small sphere. A globular cluster is sometimes known more simply as a globular.

Globular clusters, which are found in the halo of a galaxy, contain considerably more stars and are much older than the less dense galactic or open clusters, which are found in the disk. Globular clusters are fairly common; there are about 158 currently known globular clusters in the Milky Way, with perhaps 10–20 more undiscovered. Large galaxies can have more: Andromeda, for instance, may have as many as 500. Some giant elliptical galaxies, such as M87, may have as many as 10,000 globular clusters. These globular clusters orbit the galaxy out to large radii, 40 kilo parsecs (approximately 131 thousand light-years) or more.

Sun's location

The Sun (and therefore the Earth and Solar System) may be found close to the inner rim of the Galaxy's Orion Arm, in the Local Fluff or the Gould Belt, at a hypothesized distance of 7.62±0.32 kpc (~25,000±1,000 ly) from the Galactic Center. The distance between the local arm and the next arm out, the Peruses Arm, is about 6,500 light-years. The Sun, and thus the Solar System, is found in what scientists call the galactic habitable zone.

The Apex of the Sun's Way, or the solar apex, is the direction that the Sun travels through space in the Milky Way. The general direction of the Sun's galactic motion is towards the star Vega near the constellation of Hercules, at an angle of roughly 60 sky degrees to the direction of the Galactic Center. The Sun's orbit around the Galaxy is expected to be roughly elliptical with the addition of perturbations due to the galactic spiral arms and non-uniform mass distributions. In addition, the Sun oscillates up and down relative to the galactic plane approximately 2.7 times per orbit. This is very similar to how a simple harmonic oscillator works with no drag force (damping) term. These oscillations often coincide with mass extinction periods on Earth; presumably the higher density of stars close to the galactic plane leads to more impact events.

Halo

The galactic disk is surrounded by a spheroid halo of old stars and globular clusters, of which 90% lie within 100,000 light-years, suggesting a stellar halo diameter of 200,000 light-years. However, a few globular clusters have been found farther, such as PAL 4 and AM1 at more than 200,000 light-years away from the galactic center. While the disk contains gas and dust which obscure the view in some wavelengths, the spheroid component does not. Active star formation takes place in the disk (especially in the spiral arms, which represent areas of high density), but not in the halo. Open clusters also occur primarily in the disk.

Recent discoveries have added dimension to the knowledge of the Milky Way's structure. With the discovery that the disc of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) extends much further than previously thought, the possibility of the disk of our own Galaxy extending further is apparent, and this is supported by evidence of the newly discovered Outer Arm extension of the Cygnus Arm. With the discovery of the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy came the discovery of a ribbon of galactic debris as the polar orbit of Sagittarius and its interaction with the Milky Way tears it apart. Similarly, with the dies.

Milky Way: Spiral arms

Each spiral arm describes a logarithmic spiral (as do the arms of all spiral galaxies) with a pitch of approximately 12 degrees. There are believed to be four major spiral arms which all start near the Galaxy's center. These are named as follows, according to the image at right. Outside of the major spiral arms is the Outer Ring or Monoceros Ring, a ring of stars around the Milky Way proposed by astronomers Brian Yanny and Heidi Jo Newberg, which consists of gas and stars torn from other galaxies billions of years ago.

As is typical for many galaxies, the distribution of mass in the Milky Way Galaxy is such that the orbital speed of most stars in the Galaxy does not depend strongly on its distance from the center. Away from the central bulge or outer rim, the typical stellar velocity is between 210 and 240 km/s.[24] Hence the orbital period of the typical star is directly proportional only to the length of the path traveled. This is unlike the situation within the Solar System, where two-body gravitational dynamics dominate and different orbits are expected to have significantly different velocities associated with them. This difference is one of the major pieces of evidence for the existence of dark matter. Another interesting aspect is the so-called "wind-up problem" of the spiral arms.

If one believes that the inner parts of the arms rotate faster than the outer part, then the Galaxy will wind up so much that the spiral structure will be thinned out. But this is not what is observed in spiral galaxies; instead, astronomers propose that the spiral arms form as a result of a matter-density wave emanating from the galactic center. This can be likened to a moving traffic jam on a highway — the cars are all moving, but there is always a region of slow-moving cars. Thus this results in several spiral arms where there are a lot of stars and gas. This model also agrees with enhanced star formation in or near spiral arms; the compress ional waves increase the density of molecular hydrogen and protostars form as a result.

Artist's conception of the spiral structure of the Milky Way with two major, stellar arms and a bar. Observations presented in 2008 by Robert Benjamin of the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater suggest that the Milky Way possesses only two major stellar arms: the Perseus arm and the Scutum-Centaurus arm. The rest of the arms are minor or adjunct arms.

Galactic coordinate system

The galactic coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system which is centered on the Sun and is aligned with the apparent center of the Milky Way galaxy. The "equator" is aligned to the galactic plane. Similar to geographic coordinates, positions in the galactic coordinate system have latitudes and longitudes.

Some sources hold that, strictly speaking, the term Milky Way should refer exclusively to the observation of the band of light, while the full name Milky Way Galaxy, or alternatively the Galaxy should be used to describe our galaxy as an astrophysical whole.It is unclear how widespread the usage of this convention is, however, and the term Milky Way is routinely used in either context.

Migraine

A migraine is a very painful type of headache. People who get migraines often describe the pain as pulsing or throbbing in one area of the head. During migraines, people are very sensitive to light and sound. They may also become nauseated and vomit.

Migraine is three times more common in women than in men. Some people can tell when they are about to have a migraine because they see flashing lights or zigzag lines or they temporarily lose their vision.

Many things can trigger a migraine. These include

* Anxiety
* Stress
* Lack of food or sleep
* Exposure to light
* Hormonal changes (in women)

Doctors used to believe migraines were linked to the opening and narrowing of blood vessels in the head. Now they believe the cause is related to genes that control the activity of some brain cells. Medicines can help prevent migraine attacks or help relieve symptoms of attacks when they happen. For many people, treatments to relieve stress can also help.

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Milky Way :Composition and structure

The Galaxy consists of a bar-shaped core region bounded by a disk of gas, dust and stars form four distinct arm structures spiralling external in a logarithmic spiral shape. The mass distribution within the Galaxy intimately resembles the Sbc Hubble classification, which is a spiral galaxy with moderately loosely-wound arms. Astronomers first began to think that the Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy in the 1990s rather than a normal spiral galaxy. Their suspicions were inveterate by the Spitzer Space Telescope observations in 2005[17] which showed the Galaxy's inner bar to be larger than before suspected. The Milky Way's mass is consideration to be about 5.8×1011 solar masses comprise 200 to 400 billion stars. Its integrated absolute visual magnitude has been predictable to be 20.9. Most of the mass of the Galaxy is thought to be dark substance, forming a dark matter halo of a probable 600 to 3000 billion which is spread out relatively uniformly.

Age of Milky Way

It is extremely complex to define the age at which the Milky Way shaped, but the age of the oldest star in the Galaxy yet exposed, HE 1523-0901, is predictable to be about 13.2 billion years, almost as old as the Universe itself.

This estimate is based on examine by a side of astronomers in 2004 using the UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph of the Very Large Telescope to calculate, for the first time, the beryllium happy of two stars in globular cluster NGC 6397. From this study, the elapsed time among the rise of the first generation of stars in the entire Galaxy and the first creation of stars in the cluster was deduced to be 200 million to 300 million years. By including the predictable age of the stars in the globular cluster, they predictable the age of the oldest stars in the Milky Way at 13.6 ± 0.8 billion years. Based ahead this emerging science, the Galactic thin disk is predictable to have been formed among 6.5 and 10.1 billion being ago.

Size Milky Way

The stellar disk of the Milky Way galaxy is around 100,000 light-years in diameter, and is supposed to be, on average, about 1,000 ly thick. It is estimated to contain at least 200 billion stars and probably up to 400 billion stars, the exact figure depending on the number of very low-mass stars, which is highly uncertain. Extending past the stellar disk is a much thicker disk of gas. Recent observations designate that the gaseous disk of the Milky Way has a width of around 12,000 ly twice the previously established value. As a guide to the relation physical scale of the Milky Way, if it were condensed to 130 km in width, the Solar System would be a mere 2 mm in width.

The Galactic Halo extend outward, but is limited in size by the orbits of the two Milky Way satellites, the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds, whose perigalacticon is at 180,000 ly .

Milky Way :View from Earth

The Milky Way galaxy, as view from the Earth, itself positioned on one of the spiral arms of the galaxy, appear as a hazy band of white glow in the night sky arch across the entire celestial sphere originate from stars and other fabric which lie within the galactic plane. The plane of the Milky Way is tending by about 60° to the ecliptic, with the North Galactic Pole located at right ascension 12h 49m, declination +27.4° near beta Comae Berenices. The South Galactic Pole is close to alpha Sculptoris.

The center of the galaxy is in the way of Sagittarius, and the Milky Way then "passes" through Scorpius, Ara, Norma, Triangulum Australe, Circinus, Centaurus, Musca, Crux, Carina, Vela, Puppis, Canis Major, Monoceros, Orion & Gemini, Taurus, Auriga, Perseus, Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Cepheus & Lacerta, Cygnus, Vulpecula, Sagitta, Aquila, Ophiuchus, Scutum, and reverse to Sagittarius.

The Milky Way looks brightest in the way of the constellation of Sagittarius, toward the galactic center. Relative to the space equator, it passes as far north as the group of Cassiopeia and as far south as the constellation of Crux, representing the high inclination of Earth's equatorial plane and the plane of the ecliptic relation to the galactic plane. The fact that the Milky Way divides the night sky into two generally equal hemispheres indicates that our Solar System lies close to the immense plane. The Milky Way has a moderately low surface brightness, making it hard to see from any urban or suburban location suffering from light pollution.

Milky Way

The Milky Way is a banned spiral galaxy that is part of the Local Group of galaxies. Although the Milky Way is one of billions of galaxies in the visible universe, the Galaxy has special meaning to people as it is the home galaxy of the solar scheme. The plane of the Milky Way galaxy is noticeable from Earth as a group of glow in the night sky, and it is the look of this group of light which has enthused the name for our galaxy.

Some sources hold that, severely language, the term Milky Way should refer wholly to the observation of the band of light, while the full name Milky Way Galaxy, or instead the Galaxy should be used to describe our galaxy as an astral whole. It is indistinct how widespread the usage of this meeting is, however, and the term Milky Way is regularly used in either situation.

General fitness

Many sources also cite mental and emotional fitness as an important part of overall fitness. This is often obtainable in textbooks as a triangle made up of three sub-sections, which stand for physical, emotional, and mental fitness. Hence, one may be actually fit but may still suffer from a mental illness or have emotional harms. The "ideal triangle" is impartial in all areas. Physical fitness can also stop or treat many chronic health situation brought on by unhealthy lifestyle or aging, among other implication. Working out can also help to snooze better. To stay healthy it's vital to participate in physical activity.

General fitness we should consider the following sources,

* Agility
* Jumping
* Balance
* Body composition
* Reflexes
* Cardiovascular endurance
* Coordination
* Flexibility and joint range of motion
* Speed
* Stamina
* Strength
* Acceleration

Physical fitness

Physical fitness is use in two close meaning general fitness and specific fitness.

Physical fitness is the ability of the heart, blood vessels, lungs, and muscles to meaning at optimum efficiency. In previous years, fitness was definite as the ability to carry out the day’s behavior without excessive fatigue. Automation enlarged leisure time, and change in lifestyles following the industrial uprising meant this criterion was no longer enough. Optimum efficiency is the solution. Physical fitness is now definite as the body’s ability to function efficiently and successfully in work and leisure behavior, to be fit, to resist hypokinetic disease, and to meet emergency situation. Fitness can also be separated into five categories: aerobic fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

Selecting a "beauty queen"

Beauty pageants are usually multi-tiered, through local competitions feeding into the bigger competitions. The worldwide pageants, thus, need hundreds, sometimes thousands, of local competitions. In the United States, there is currently a commercial beauty pageant industry that organizes thousands of local events for all ages for profit supported by magazines like The Crown Magazine and Pride of Pageantry, the online epiczine.com, the Pageant News Bureau (pageant.com), and The Crown Magazine, and a crowd of retailers of all from tiaras to cosmetic surgery.

Beauty Queens are selected on many criteria. Every individual pageant will provide to future delegates its exacting methods of competition and scoring. For example, The universal Pageant http://www.worldwidepageant.net has a sole scoring method wherein delegates have the possible of earning a score of 110%. The breakdown is 25% evening wear (may be pants or gown), 25% physical wear, 50% personal interview, and an optional 10% for a getting portfolio. Diamond Dolls is a pictorial only competition which provides 100% of the score based leading submission of required photos.

There are other pageants who take a completely different approach on the whole. Mostly in reference to on-line photogenic pageants, there are competitions in which a winner is selected on a monthly or even weekly basis. There are persons who will take each of these as a "preliminary winner" with the aim upon a "final" competition at some later date. Others delight each of these as a "final" winner and give a title.

In spite of the method of competition, break down of scores or frequency of selection; all are defined as "activity in the form of a beauty pageant." It is up to the person to determine which is best suitable for competition or of particular entertainment interest.

Tourism

Tourism is traveling for the most part fun or vacation purposes. According to the World Tourism association, tourists are public who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual location for not more than one repeated year for vacation, business and other purposes not related to the use of an activity compensated from within the place visited".

Tourism has happen to a very popular, overall activity. In 2004, there were over 763 million international tourist arrivals. Major physical elements include transportation, lodging, and other components of a hospitality industry.

Tourism is very important for many countries, due to the earnings generated by the spending of supplies and services by tourists, the assessment levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment and financial development by working in the industry. For these reasons, NGOs and government agencies may sometimes sponsor a specific area as a tourist intention, and support the development of a tourism industry in that area.