Irish pound coin

The Irish pound coin was introduced on June 20, 1990 using the plan of a red deer, by the Irish artist Tom Ryan. The 2000 Millennium was used to issue a memorial coin, the design was based on the "Broighter Boat" in the National Museum of Ireland; the coins design was by Alan Ardiff and Garrett Stokes and were issued on November 29, 1999. The coin featured a milled edge - unique in Irish coinage.

The "Broighter Boat" issue for 2000.The Irish pound coin, which was introduced in 1990, residue the largest Irish coin introduced since decimalisation at 3.11 centimetres diameter and was 10 grams weight. The coin was nearly identical in dimensions to the old penny coin that circulated before 1971, and was quite similar in diameter to, but thinner, than the half-crown coin.

During the early movement of the coin, many payphone and vending machines which had been changed to accept the pound coin also accepted the old penny because of the similar size, the latter coin which was no longer legal gentle and had little value to collectors. As a result losses accrued to vending machine operators due to the substitution of the penny coin and further costs were associated with updating the machines so they would no longer accept the penny.

British coinage

Obverse and reverse of general coins in current circulation, £2, £1, 50p, 20p, 10p, 5p, 2p and 1pThe British currency was decimalised on February 15, 1971. The basic unit of currency – the Pound was unaffected. Before decimalisation there were 240 (old) pennies in a pound, currently there are 100 new pence. The new coins were noticeable with the wording "New Penny" (singular) or "New Pence" (plural) to distinguish them from the old. The word New was dropped following ten years. The symbol p was also adopted to distinguish the new pennies from the old, which used the symbol d.

The earliest pound coin was introduced in 1983 to replace the Bank of England £1 banknote which was discontinued in 1984 (although the Scottish banks continued producing them for some time afterwards. The last of them, the Royal Bank of Scotland £1 note, remained in production until 2003). A circulating bimetallic £2 coin was also introduced in 1998 (first minted in, and dated, 1997) – there had before been commemorative £2 coins which did not normally circulate. The whole amount of coinage in circulation is roughly three and a quarter billion pounds, of which the £1 and £2 coins account for almost two billion pounds.

How computers work

A general purpose computer has four main areas: the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the lost one input and output devices (collectively termed I/O). These parts are interconnected by busses,over and over again made of groups of wires.

The control unit, ALU, registers, and basic I/O (and often other hardware closely linked with these) are as a group known as a central processing unit (CPU). Early CPUs were composed a lot of separate components but since the mid-1970s CPUs have typically been constructed on a single integrated circuit called a microprocessor.

Programs in computer

In practical terms, a computer program might include anywhere from a dozen instructions to a lot of millions of instructions for something like a word processor or a web browser. A typical modern computer can carry out billions of instructions every second and nearly never make a mistake over years of operation.

Large computer programs may take groups of computer programmers years to write and the probability of the entire program having been written completely in the manner intended is unlikely. Errors in a computer programs are called bugs. Sometimes bugs are benign and it not affect the usefulness of the program, in some other cases they might cause the program to completely fail (crash), in yet other cases there may be subtle problems. Bugs are generally not the fault of the computer. Since computers merely execute the lot of instructions they are given, bugs are nearly always the result of programmer error or an oversight made in the program's design.